Factors affecting machining accuracy of mechanical parts and Improvement Countermeasures

　　The commonly used indicators to measure the machining quality of mechanical parts include machining accuracy and surface quality. In the actual machining process, due to the influence of environmental temperature, geometric error of process system, deformation error caused by redistribution of internal stress of work piece and other factors, the correct position of machining tools and work piece may deviate to a certain extent.

　　Influence of spindle rotation error on machining accuracy of mechanical parts and improvement measures

　　According to the different factors affecting the spindle rotation accuracy, it often has different effects on the work piece machining accuracy, which is embodied in the following aspects: when the spindle rotation error of the machine tool is radial circular run out, the work piece will produce roundness error; When the rotation error of the machine tool spindle is inclination swing, the radial section of the work piece will still be a circle during turning, while the axial section is a trapezoid. During boring, the rotation axis formed by the angular swing of the spindle is not parallel to the guide rail of the workbench, and the bored hole will be oval.

　　Relevant improvement measures can be taken from the following three aspects: ① replace the spindle components with high precision to reduce the system error from the source; ② Based on the above, reduce the shape and position error of the work piece and formulate a reasonable processing technology.

　　Influence of guide rail error on machining accuracy of mechanical parts and improvement measures

　　The influence of machine tool guide rail on machining accuracy is mainly reflected in the straightness error of guide rail in horizontal plane, straightness error of guide rail in vertical plane, parallelism error of front and rear guide rails in vertical plane and so on.

　　Considering that the guide rail has a long service life, the influence of guide rail error on machining accuracy can be improved from the following aspects: ① optimize the design and manufacturing of guide rail, including structure, lubrication mode and protective device, with emphasis on manufacturing accuracy and wear resistance. ② Do a good job in maintenance during use to avoid overload of the guide rail, resulting in abnormal wear of the guide rail, resulting in machining accuracy of mechanical parts. ③ The selection of appropriate lubricant can reduce the friction between parts and guide rail and improve the service life of guide rail.

　　In the actual machining process, the factors affecting the machining accuracy include residual stress error, thermal deformation error, machining principle error, measurement error and so on. In order to ensure the high accuracy of the whole process of machining mechanical parts, relevant machining personnel and managers should have a comprehensive understanding of the influencing factors of machining accuracy of mechanical parts, and be able to analyze their existing laws and machining results. Therefore, some improvement measures can be taken to optimize the machining process of mechanical parts when the machining accuracy of mechanical parts is obviously unqualified, and finally ensure the accuracy of mechanical parts.

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